The Entered Apprentice Degree
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING FREEMASONRY
FREEMASONRY DEFINED: What is the definition of Freemasonry? In old England, it was defined as “a system of morality, veiled in allegory (or a story) and illustrated by symbols.” It is a course of moral instruction which uses both allegories and symbols to teach its lessons. Our symbols of the Entered Apprentice Mason Degree are the 24″ Gauge and the Common Gavel. The modern definition is “Freemasonry is an organized society of men, symbolically applying the principles of Operative Masonry and architecture to the science and art of character building.” In other words, we are trying to use the old methods to make good men better.
THE PURPOSE OF FREEMASONRY: What is the purpose of Masonry? One of the most basic purposes is to make “better men out of good men.” We try to place emphasis on the individual man by strengthening his character; improving his moral and spiritual outlook; and broadening his mental horizons. We try to impress upon the minds of our members the principles of personal responsibility and morality; teaching each member to practice in his daily life the lessons taught through symbolic ceremonies in the lodge. One of the universal doctrines of Freemasonry is the belief in the “Brotherhood of Man and the Fatherhood of God”. The importance of this belief is established by each Mason as he practices the three principle tenets of Masonry: Brotherly Love, Relief and Truth.
ORIGIN OF FREEMASONRY: How did Freemasonry originate? We are not sure at what point in time our craft was born. We do know it goes far beyond written record and we believe it was not always called Freemasonry. Some of the ancient mysteries of Egypt, Greece and the Orient influenced our ceremonies that are used today. These ceremonies were designed to test men and to admit only those who were worthy. Our ceremonies are somewhat the same—only of a less physical nature, and in a more spiritual form.
THE TRANSITION FROM OPERATIVE TO SPECULATIVE MASONRY: What is the difference between “Operative” and “Speculative” Masonry? Operative refers to the time in our history where Masons actually did the physical labor of building. They were the best at their craft, and they kept secret their methods of building. Speculative refers to the period of time when men were accepted into the Craft as “non-operative” members. They were not “physical builders’, but “builders of character” instead.
ORIGIN OF THE FIRST GRAND LODGE: By the first part of the 18th century, there were many lodges in England. By the year 1716 A.D., most of the lodges had only non- operative members. In December of 1716, on St. John’s Day, a number of members met in London and had an informal meeting. As a result of this meeting, the members of the four Lodges met again in London on June 24, 1717 A.D. and formed the first Grand Lodge. This became one of the most important dates in Masonic history because it marked the start of modern Freemasonry as we know it today. With the exception of a few Lodges, every regular Masonic Lodge today was granted a charter or warrant from a Grand Lodge. Every Grand Lodge has a certain jurisdiction or an area to represent. In the United States, every State and the District of Columbia is governed by a Grand Lodge.
TITLES OF GRAND LODGES—F. & A. M. and A. F. & A. M.: Titles of Grand Lodges in the United States also vary. Some are called A. F. & A. M. which means Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. The other most commonly used title is F. & A. M., or Free and Accepted Masons. The reason for this difference is that in England, when Grand Lodges first started, there was a rivalry between the Irish faction and the English faction—much like there is, yet, today. One faction adopted the Ancient title and the other did not. This carried over to the United States, and we still have both titles in existence. Two other titles exist in America. South Carolina Masons call themselves Ancient Free Masons or A. F. M., the only jurisdiction so designated in the United States. The District of Colombia Masons call themselves Free Ancient and Accepted Masons, or F. A. & A. M., but, no matter what the title, all Lodges work toward the same goals. In California, we call ourselves F. & A. M,—Free and Accepted Masons.
THE TITLE OF “FREE AND ACCEPTED”: How did the words “Free” and “Accepted” originate? The ancient craftsmen were very skilled, and their craft was considered to be indispensable to the welfare of both “Church” and “State”. For this reason, they were not placed under the same restrictions as were other workers—they were “free” to do their work, travel and live their lives in a manner which befitted their importance. Back in old England, this type of behavior was rare. Most workers were under bond to the owners of the land on which they worked. We believe this freedom for the Operative Mason dates back to the year 946, in York, England. The word “Accepted” also goes back to the time of the Operative Mason. During the latter years of the Middle Ages, there were few educated men outside the monasteries of the world. Naturally, men wanted to become Freemasons to obtain the advantages the craft had to offer. These men did not, necessarily, want to build buildings; they wanted to belong to the organization. These were “Accepted” Masons, rather than “Operative” Masons. This practice, probably originated when some of the people, for whom craftsmen were working, asked to be admitted and, therefore, the practice grew with time. This was a big boost to Masonry, because the secrets of building trades were becoming more widely-known, architecture was changing and our membership was declining. By becoming “speculative” the Craft grew rapidly. As time went on, there became many more “accepted” members than there were operative members and eventually we became a speculative rather than an operative organization.
IS FREEMASONRY A SECRET SOCIETY?: The answer is: “NO”. A secret society is one in which the membership is concealed; the meeting places are kept secret; and knowledge of its organization and principles is unknown to the public. We have a few secrets in Freemasonry—a part of our ritual, our modes of recognition and the business of the Lodge. Portions of our ritual have been handed down within Freemasonry for centuries and form a part of our traditions. However, our purposes, ideals and principles may be learned by anyone who inquires. There are numerous books on these subjects available to the public. All printed masonic information, with the exception of our esoteric work, may be freely discussed in public. We wear lapel pins and masonic jewelry, march in parades as Masons with our distinctive aprons, advertise the time and place of our meetings, and openly sponsor charities. We can hardly be called a secret society. Yes, we have some secrets, but no more so than most other fraternities or even families.
IS FREEMASONRY A RELIGION?: Again, the answer is NO”. Because of the nature of the teachings of Freemasonry, we do ask our candidates to acknowledge a belief and trust in God. Otherwise the ceremonies would be meaningless. But we do not require that you belong to a particular religion or a particular church. An atheist can not become a Mason because he can not express a belief in a Supreme Being.
Religion is defined as:
- Belief in a divine or superhuman power or powers to be obeyed and worshiped as the creator and ruler of the universe.
Expression of this belief in conduct and ritual. - Any specific system of belief, worship conduct, etc., often involving a code of ethics and a philosophy.
Masonry, like all its teachings, is not set forth in written creeds. The Mason must come upon it for himself and put it in such form as will satisfy his own mind, leaving others to do likewise. This is Masonic tolerance, one of the prime principles of the Craft, and protected by the Old Charge which forbids all sectarian discussion in our assemblies. Our Order seeks only to unite good men for the purpose of brotherhood—not to promote a specific religion.
CATHOLICISM AND MASONRY: Can a Catholic become a Mason? There is nothing within of our doctrines which would prohibit a Catholic from becoming a Mason. There are many misunderstandings by the public, and by our own members, concerning this issue. These misunderstandings have led to many false conclusions, and created barriers where none exist, so far as Freemasonry is concerned. In other eras, some Catholic Popes regarded Masonry with disfavor and have issued edicts which condemned Freemasonry and prohibited membership to all Catholics. In spite of this, many prominent Catholics have become Masons. Our organization generally has given no official recognition to these edicts. We have chosen to follow a course of “silence and circumspection” since the first of these edicts was issued, in 1738, by Pope Clement XII.
SUBJECTS NOT PROPER FOR DISCUSSION IN LODGE: Religion and politics should not be addressed in Lodge, and there are very good reasons why these subjects should not be discussed. When we meet in a Lodge, we are all on a common level, and are not subject to the classes and distinctions of the outside world. Each Brother is entitled to his own beliefs and may follow his own convictions. Our objective is to unite men, not to divide them. These subjects create honest differences of opinion which might well cause friction between Brethren. There will also be subjects concerning the Lodge’s business that should not be discussed. All deliberations should be kept within the bounds of propriety and everyone should show a tolerance for the opinion of the other. Every Master wants harmony in his Lodge; and, once a matter has been put to vote in the Lodge and a decision is made, the decision should be accepted by all members, regardless of how they voted. We try to teach every Mason to be a good citizen and to perform his civic duties. We do not try to keep anyone from expressing his opinion, or from serving his city, county, state, or nation, in an honorable manner. Anyone who serves in political office should not act politically as a Freemason. Nor use the name of Freemasonry, in exercising his political rights—such as showing affiliation with any Lodge in his campaign advertising.
QUALIFICATIONS OF A PETITIONER: The qualifications to be a Mason are few. The person must be a man, have a belief in a Supreme Being, at least 21 years old (in California), free of any previous felonious criminal convictions and be of good moral character. Loyalty to one’s country is an essential qualification in Freemasonry, and only those are acceptable who cheerfully render obedience to every lawful authority. Disloyalty in any form is abhorrent to a Freemason, and is regarded as a serious Masonic Offense.
PREPARATION FOR INITIATION: While Freemasonry is not a religion, its ceremonies are of a serious nature, dignified in its presentation and impart teachings which, if properly understood, obligate a man to lead a better life. To get the greatest good from the ceremonies, a candidate should first prepare his mind to understand and absorb these teachings. The candidate should pay strict attention to every part of the ceremony, in order that he may gain some understanding of the teachings of Freemasonry. The methods we use in teaching will be new and unusual to the candidate. These methods have been used for over two centuries and have not changed significantly since they originated. Finally, he should learn that every Mason in the Lodge room is his friend and brother.
NO HORSEPLAY OR HAZING: There is no place for horseplay or hazing during our ceremonies, and the candidate can be assured that there will be none. The rituals are serious and solemn, and we try to teach moral lessons with great dignity. Anything which is told to the candidate in a joking manner serves only to desecrate the honorable purposes of Freemasonry. The candidate should have no apprehension about entering a Lodge. He is always entering a society of friends and Brothers, where he will be treated with dignity and decorum at all times.
THE HEART OF THE MASONIC FAMILY: Freemasonry is not just another fraternity or association of men banded together for social, political or economic advantages. Our foundation is built on a philosophy of friendship and brotherly love. We also make many worthwhile contributions to our society and community. For example, the California Grand Lodge manages two magnificent total care homes in Union City and Covina for our aged Brethren and their mothers, daughters, sisters and widows. In addition, the Masonic Home in Covina, cares for the disadvantaged children or Grandchildren of our membership.
FAMOUS FREEMASONS: Many men whose names have been instrumental to the history and development of our civilization have been Freemasons. For your specific information, the following are but a few of the many famous historical figures that have engaged in our ceremonies.
EXPLORERS: Hiram Bingham (Discoverer of Machu Picchu), James Bruce (Discoverer of the source of the Blue Nile), Adm. Richard E. Byrd, Christopher “Kit” Carson, William Clark; Merriwether Lewis, and Robert E. Peary.
WORLD LEADERS: Emilio Aguinaldo (Phillippine Patriot and General), Miguel Aleman (Mexican President 1947-52), Eduard Benes (President of Czechoslovakia 1939-48), Sveinn Bjornsson (1st President of Iceland), Simon Bolivar (“George Washington of S. America”) Napoleon Bonaparte (and his four brothers), King Charles XIII (King of Sweden 1748-1818), King Edward VII and King Edward VIII (Kings of England, 1901-10 & 36, respectively), Francis I and Francis II (Holy Roman Emperors, 1745-65 & 1768-1806), Frederick the Great (King of Prussia 1740-86), George I & George II (Kings of Greece, 1845-1913 & 1922-47), George IV & George VI (Kings of England 1760-1820 & 1820-30), Gustavus VI Adolphus (King of Sweden 1792-1809), Kamehemeha IV and Kemehemeha V (Kings of Hawaii (1854-63 & 1863-72) Leopold I (King of Belgium (1831-65), Peter the Great (Emperor of Russia 1689-1725), William I (King of Prussia 1861- 88), William II (King of the Netherlands (1792-1849), William IV (King of England (1830-37) and many others.
UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS: George Washington, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, James Polk, James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, James Garfield, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, Warren G. Harding, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman and Gerald Ford.
RELIGIOUS LEADERS: James C. Baker (Bishop, Methodist Church, organized first Wesley Foundation in U.S.), Hosea Ballou (Founder, Universalist Church), Robert E. B. Baylor (Baptist clergyman, founder of Baylor University), Preston Bradley (founder of the Peoples Church), Father Francisco Calvo (Catholic Priest who started Freemasonry in Costa Rica in 1865), Hugh I. Evans (National head of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.), Most Reverend Geoffrey F. Fisher (former Archbishop of Canterbury), Eugene M. Frank (Methodist Bishop), Reverend Dr. Norman Vincent Peale (Methodist Episcopal minister and author) Titus Low (President of Methodist Council of Bishops) and many others.
ENTERTAINMENT: John Wayne, Gene Autry, Ernest Borgnine, Joe E. Brown, Bob Burns, Eddie Cantor, Charles D. Coburn, William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody, Donald Crisp, Cecil B. DeMille, Richard Dix, Douglas Fairbanks Sr., W.C. Fields, Clark Gable, Arthur Godfrey, David W. Griffith, Oliver Hardy, Jean Hersholt, Harry Houdini, Al Jolson, Charles “Buck” Jones, Harry Kellar, Harold C. Lloyd, Tom Mix, Dick Powell, Will Rogers, Charles S. “Tom Thumb” Stratton, Richard B. “Red” Skelton, Paul Whiteman, Ed Wynn, Darryl Zanuck and many others.
UNITED STATES PATRIOTS: Francis Scott Key (wrote our National Anthem), Ralph Bellamy (wrote our Pledge of Allegiance), Paul Revere, John Paul Jones, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Patrick Henry and many others.
MILITARY LEADERS: Generals John J. Pershing, George Marshall, Douglas MacArthur, Joseph Stillwell, Johnathon Wainwright, Curtis E. LaMay, Omar N. Bradley, Henry H. “Hap” Arnold, Claire L. Chenault, Mark Clark, James Doolittle, Admirals David G. Farragut (First Admiral of the U.S. Navy), Ernest J. King, Richard Byrd and many others.
SPORTS: Grover C. Alexander, Cy Young, Jack Dempsey, Arnold Palmer, Tyrus R. “Ty” Cobb, Carl O. Hubbell, Christopher “Christy” Mathewson, Mordecai P.C. Brown, Gordon “Mickey” Corchran, Avery Brundage, Albert “Happy” Chandler, Branch Rickey, Knute Rockne and many others.
POLITICAL: Sir Winston Churchill, Randolph Churchill, Thomas Dewey, Everett Dirksen, Fiorello H. LaGuardia, John Marshall, Barry Goldwater, Hubert Humphrey and others.
COMPOSERS: Irving Berlin, George M. Cohan, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, John Phillip Souza, Richard Wagner, Franz Joseph Haydn, Franz Listz, and many others.
INVENTORS AND SCIENTISTS: Samuel Colt (firearms), Sir Alexander Fleming (penicillin), Edward Jenner (vaccination) Simon Lake (first practical submarine), John L. McAdam (Macadamized roads) and many others.
YOUTH ORGANIZATION FOUNDERS: Daniel Carter Beard (Boy Scouts), Frank S. Land (International Order of DeMolay), William Mark Sexton (International Order of Rainbow for Girls)
WRITERS: Robert Burns, Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain), Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Sherlock Holmes), Edward Gibbon (Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire), Edgar A. Guest, Rudyard Kipling, Alexander Pope, Sir Walter Scott, Johathan Swift, Lowell Thomas, Voltaire and many others.
SCULPTORS: Gutzon Borglum and his son, Lincoln Borglum (together carved Mt. Rushmore National Memorial), Johann G. Schadow (Prussian Court Sculptor) J. Otto Schweizer and many others.
BUSINESS: John Jacob Astor (financier), Lloyd Balfour (Jewelry), Lawrence Bell (Bell Aircraft Corp.), William H. Dow (Dow ChemicalCo.), Henry Ford, Alfred Fuller (Fuller Brush), King C. Gillett (Gillett Razor Co.), Sir Thomas Lipton (tea), Fredrick Maytag, Andrew W. Mellon (banker), James C. Penny, George Pullman, David Sarnoff (father of T.V.), Leland Stanford (railroads—Stanford Univ.) and many others.
ASTRONAUTS: Ed Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, Gordon Cooper, Don Eisle, Virgil Grissom, Ed Michell, Tom Stafford, Fred Haise, and Wally Shirra.
Further information concerning famous and historical Freemasons can be found in Brother W.R. Denslow’s book “Ten Thousand Famous Freemasons”.
THE ENTERED APPRENTICE DEGREE
THE CANDIDATE’S FIRST REQUIREMENT: Among the first requirements of the Apprentice is that he shall offer himself as a rough stone to be shaped under Masonic laws and influences in the world of the Brotherhood of Masonry. Unless he is willing, in all sincerity, to abide by his obligations and the laws which define, regulate and control the brotherly life, he will be out of harmony with the Fraternity, unable to find a foothold in the world he seeks to enter. All of our ritual, symbols, emblems, allegories and ceremonies, in the richness and variety of their meaning, point in the same direction. Unless an Apprentice understands and accepts them, he will fail to comprehend Masonic teaching. Finally, he must develop a spirit of industry, because Freemasonry requires that those who want to know more about Masonry, spend their time learning.
THE CANDIDATE MUST FIRST BE PREPARED IN HIS HEART: As a man thinketh, so is he; but as he purposes in his heart, so will his life be. The heart is the center of man’s affections and desires. If he is clean within, his life will reflect that condition—but, the reverse is also true. We are concerned with the building of character. Working toward this goal must begin within the heart; for, if your heart is not ready, we cannot expect to make an impression on your mind. Therefore, each candidate, who comes seeking light, must be prepared in his heart.
DULY AND TRULY PREPARED: Being duly and truly prepared refers to the wearing of special garments furnished by the Lodge to emphasize our concern with man’s internal qualifications, rather that his worldly wealth and honors. By wearing the garments of humility, the candidate signifies the sincerity of his intentions.
THE HOODWINK: The Hoodwink represents the darkness in which the uninitiated stands regarding Masonry. It is removed at the moment of enlightenment, suggesting that we do not create the great things of life, such as goodness, truth and beauty, but find them. They always exist, regardless of the blindness of any individual.
THE CABLE-TOW: The Cable-Tow is a rope such as would be used to tow or restrain. It is also generally regarded as a symbol of the voluntary and complete acceptance of, and pledged compliance with, whatever Masonry may have in store. The subsequent release after taking the obligation indicates this symbol is no longer needed, since the candidate has assumed the definite and irrevocable pledge of the Degree.
THE ENTRANCE: As an Entered Apprentice takes his first step into the Lodge room, he enters into a new world, the world of Masonry. He leaves the darkness, destitution and helplessness of the world for the light and warmth of this new existence. This is the great meaning of the Degree. It is not an idle formality, but a genuine experience, the beginning of a new career in which duties, rights and privileges are real. If a candidate is not to be an Apprentice in name only, he must stand ready to do the work upon his own nature that will make him a different man. Members are called Craftsmen because they are Workmen. Lodges are quarries because they are scenes of toil. Freemasonry offers no privileges or rewards except to those who earn them; it places working tools, not playthings, in the hands of its members. To become a Mason is a solemn and serious undertaking. Once the step is taken, it may well change the course of a man’s life.
THE RECEPTION: The reception of the candidate into the Lodge room (this is where the Senior Deacon stops you just inside the door and tells you the significance of how and why he is receiving you into the Lodge.) is intended to symbolize the fact that the obligations which he will assume are solemn and that there is a symbolic penalty if these are violated.
It also reminds man that his every act has a consequence, either in the form of a reward or a penalty. Man reapeth as he soweth.
THE HOLY SAINTS JOHN: Freemasonry, long ago, chose as its patron saints, John the Baptist and John the Evangelist. By doing this, the Brethren arrived at the conclusion that their patron saints belonged to a Lodge and that it must have been in the city in which they lived—Jerusalem. By this tradition, all Lodges symbolically come from one at Jerusalem. By tradition, also, every Mason hails from such a Lodge. By coming from this mythical Lodge, he proves that he hails from a “just and legally constituted Lodge.”
FORM OF A LODGE: The form of a Lodge is an oblong square, or a rectangle. It extends from East to West and between North and South. The East in a Masonic Lodge does not, necessarily, mean the actual point of the compass. The East in the Lodge is the station of the Worshipful Master -from which he dispenses light and instruction to all his brethren. Some Lodges may have the Master sitting in other actual compass locations, but the important point is that the Master is always symbolically, located in the East and the other symbolic points of the West, South and North are located in proper relation to the station of the Master.
THE RITE OF PERAMBULATION: Perambulation means to walk around some central point or object. In Masonry, the act is performed in a clockwise manner, patterned after the movement of the sun as it is seen from the earth, moving from East to West, by way of the South. The candidate’s journey around the Altar enables the Brethren to observe that he is properly prepared. Perambulation should teach the Entered Apprentice that Freemasonry is a progressive science, and man may gather truth as he progresses. It also teaches that life is a progressive journey through which each must travel toward his ultimate destiny.
THE ALTAR: The central piece of furniture in the Lodge is the Altar; and, upon it, rest the three Great Lights of Masonry, the Holy Bible, Square and Compass. The Altar is symbolic of many things. Its location, in the center of the Lodge, symbolizes the place which God has in Masonry, and which he should have in every person’s life. It is also a symbol of worship and faith. The candidate approaches the Altar in search of light and also assumes his obligations there. In the presence of God and his Brethren, he offers himself to the service of the Supreme Architect of the Universe, and to mankind, in general. The Altar is the point on which life in our Masonic Lodges is focused. The principles for which the Three Great Lights stand should serve to guide everyone’s thoughts and actions both in the Lodge and abroad in the world. The Altar supporting the Three Great Lights should remind each Brother who stands before it that “faith supports life itself”.
THE WORSHIPFUL MASTER: Why is the presiding officer of the Lodge called Worshipful? This is an Old English word meaning worthy of respect. Since he is chosen by the Brethren, they deem him to have sufficient wisdom, integrity and Masonic knowledge to govern the Lodge properly. Why is the Worshipful Master’s station in the East? In the world of nature, the sun rises in the East to shed light and luster on earth. In a like manner, it is the province of the Master to be the source of Masonic knowledge for his Brethren as they “approach the East in search of light.” Why does the Master wear a hat in the Lodge? He wears the hat, and the remainder of the Brethren remain uncovered, for several reasons. Keeping the head covered while others are uncovered has long been a symbol of superior rank. Men, as a mark of respect, usually uncover in the presence of those they deem to be of superior rank. Also, it is possible that the Worshipful Master wears a hat because King Solomon wore a crown as a mark of dignity. The title Master is not unlike the Master of a ship or one who has received a Masters Degree in his chosen discipline. He is capable of teaching his subject—thus imparting “light” or knowledge.
THE GREAT LIGHT OF FREEMASONRY: The Great Light of Freemasonry is the Volume of the Sacred Law (no matter what religion) and it is an indispensable part of the furniture of a Lodge. The Grand Lodges of the United States use the Holy Bible on their Altars. In other jurisdictions, the candidate may have his own sacred book substituted for the Bible. In some Lodges in other countries, the Altars of Masonry have more that one Book on them, and the candidate may choose the one on which he is to be obligated. No Lodge in California may stand officially open, unless the Holy Bible is opened upon its Altar with the Square and Compass displayed thereon. The open Bible signifies that we should regulate our conduct according to its teachings, because it is the rule and guide of our faith and is a symbol of man’s acknowledgment of his relation to Deity. The Square is a symbol of morality, truthfulness and honesty. To “act on the square”is to act honestly. The Compass signifies the duty which we owe to ourselves, and is a symbol of restraint, skill and knowledge. We might also properly regard the Compass as excluding beyond its circle that which is harmful or unworthy. The Square and Compass are recognized by the general public as the symbol of Freemasonry.
THE OBLIGATION: The Obligation is the heart of the Degree; for when it is assumed by the candidate, he has solemnly bound himself to Freemasonry, and assumed certain duties which are his for the rest of his life. The taking of the Obligation is visible and audible evidence of the candidate’s sincerity of purpose. The Obligation has a two-fold purpose. In addition to binding the candidate to Freemasonry and its duties, it also protects the Fraternity against someone revealing its secrets which deal with its modes of recognition and symbolic instruction. The candidate should understand the great truths which Masonry teaches are not secret, but the manner in which Freemasonry teaches these truths is considered secret.
PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF THE OBLIGATION: The penalties incurred for willful violation of your Masonic Obligation will not be of a physical nature. The penalties that you recite at the conclusion of you Obligation are purely symbolic. This should have been explained in the preparatory address. The Mason who violates his Obligation will subject himself to Masonic discipline, which could include the loss of membership in the Lodge and the Fraternity, either by suspension or expulsion. He will also be subject to the scorn and contempt of all good Masons. The ancient oral penalties, already mentioned, are retained in our ritual to impress upon the mind of each Brother how serious a violation will be regarded by the members of the Fraternity. The Obligations were voluntarily assumed, and every means possible is used to impress the new Mason with the solemnity and the necessity for faithful performance of them.
THE LAMBSKIN APRON: The Apron is at once an emblem of innocence and the badge of a Mason. By innocence is meant clean thinking and clean living, a loyal obedience to the laws of the Craft and sincere good will to the Brethren. The Badge of a Mason signifies that Masons are workers and builders, not drones and destructionists.
THE RITE OF DESTITUTION: The symbolism of the Rite of Destitution reverts to those ancient times when men believed that the planets determined human fate and controlled human passions, and that there were metals by which each planet was itself controlled. In ancient initiations, candidates were compelled to leave all metals behind, lest they bring into the assembly disturbing planetary influences. While with us, this symbolism no longer has an astrological character. However, the old point about excluding disturbing influences remains. The candidate is not to bring into the Lodge room his passions or prejudices, lest that harmony, which is one of the chief concerns of Masonry, be destroyed.
THE NORTHEAST CORNER: The Northeast Corner is traditionally the place where the cornerstone of a building is laid. The Apprentice is, therefore, so placed to receive his first instruction on which to build his moral and Masonic edifice. As such, you are a cornerstone on which the Fraternity is to be erected. It is our hope and expectation that you will prove a solid foundation, true and tried, set four-Square on which our great fraternity may safely build. You are the future of Masonry.
THE WORKING TOOLS: The Working Tools, presented to the candidates, are those used by the ancient operative craftsman in the erection of the building on which he was working. To the Speculative Mason, these represent the moral habits and forces by which man shapes and reshapes the essence of his human nature. By these symbolic tools, he also fits his own behavior to society and community. While they do not contain the whole philosophy of Masonry, the various Working Tools allocated to the three degrees, by their very presence, they declare that there is constructive work to be done; and by their nature, indicate the direction this work is to take.
THE CHARGE: In each Degree, at the end of the ceremony and instruction, the candidate is charged to perform his Masonic duties. The Charge given him explains these duties.
THE LECTURES: The Lectures given to the candidate by the Worshipful Master are intended to elaborate certain phases of the ritual, giving a broader explanation of the ceremonies in order for the candidate to understand the lessons of Freemasonry.
KING SOLOMON’S TEMPLE: The frequent references to King Solomon’s Temple, in this and other Degrees, lead to the false conclusion that the Fraternity was founded by him. Freemasonry became an organized craft many years after the reign of Solomon. However, our ritual is based upon Masonic legends connected with both Solomon and the Temple at Jerusalem, which has helped enrich the symbolism.
THE PROFICIENCY: The series of questions and answers that you are requested to commit to memory following each Degree are intended to:
- Teach each candidate the language of Freemasonry.
- Fix in his mind the teachings of the Degree.
- Impress upon his consciousness the different points of the Obligation he has assumed.
- To enable him to prove, to his satisfaction and that of his Brethren, that he is a Mason.
THE ORIGIN OF OUR RITUAL: Where and when did the ritual work originate? The origin of our Ritual cannot be traced much beyond the years of the 18th century, or around 1700. The father of the English Ritual was undoubtedly, William Preston. This Ritual has been refined and polished without being basically changed in character in the nearly three centuries since Preston first used it in London. Prior to this, the Ritual of Freemasonry was a continuation of the practices and customs of the day- to-day work of the Operative Freemason. The emphasis gradually shifted from the practical to the moral and spiritual values as the Accepted Masons began to outnumber the Operative Brethren in the Lodges. In early Speculative Masonry, there may have been but one degree and a Master’s part. After a few years, three Degrees were used. Around 1813, the United Grand Lodge of England declared: “Ancient Craft Masonry consists of three degrees and no more….”
THE LANGUAGE OF FREEMASONRY: Why is the language of Freemasonry so different from that which we normally use? This question is often asked by the candidates. The Ritual of Freemasonry is a product of the early decades of the 18th century. It contains much of the language of that century and other words and phrases from the very old work have been incorporated. This is why the language is written and spoken as it is. If the time and effort is spent to study the words of our Ritual, you will discover that the thoughts and teachings imparted cannot be put in fewer words and still retain their meaning.
THE EMBLEMS OF AN ENTERED APPRENTICE MASON: The Entered apprentice should study all the Emblems of the Degree, foreach is important and should be thoroughly understood by him. For example, the lamb is usually an emblem of innocence. The emblem suggests truth to the mind. The twenty-four inch gauge is an emblem of the twenty-four hours of the day. A wise use of time is suggested by this emblem. The common gavel reminds us that as rough ashlars (rough stones) our characters can be made into perfect ashlars (polished stones) by applying the teachings of Freemasonry in our daily thoughts and actions.
WHEN TO RISE AND WHEN TO BE SEATED: The gavel in the hands of the Master of a Lodge is one of the symbols of authority by which he governs. When the gavel is sounded once in the East, at the beginning of Lodge, the Brethren must come to order. Two raps call the Officers to their feet, and three raps mean that all Brethren must stand. If everyone standing, one rap seats everyone in the Lodge. If the Worshipful Master addresses you by name, arise, face the East, give the due guard and sign of the Degree and listen to his instructions. If you wish to speak, arise and wait until the Master recognizes you; give the due guard and sign of the Degree and then address your remarks to him.
THE TYLER: The Tyler guards the avenues approaching the Lodge. A Lodge is said to be duly tyled when the necessary precautions have been taken to guard against intrusion by cowans, eavesdroppers or other unauthorized persons. (A cowan is one who tries to masquerade as a Mason. He is one who has not done the work, but says he has in order to gain admittance. An eavesdropper is one who tries to steal the secrets of our Society. He is the one who would forge a good dues card, or finds one and masquerades as the owner.) If a Brother comes to Lodge late and wants in, the Tyler sees that he is properly clothed and then vouches for him as qualified to enter. It is the duty of the Tyler to inform the Junior Deacon when a Qualified Brother wishes to enter the Lodge and to let the Brethren know in which Degree the Lodge is working
THE LODGE PRAYER: No Lodge can be opened, stay open or be closed, without prayer -which is offered by the Master or Chaplain. The prayer is universal in nature, and not peculiar to any one religion or faith. At the end of prayer, each member responds with the words “So Mote it Be”, which means in modern english “So may it ever be”.
THE RIGHTS OF AN ENTERED APPRENTICE MASON: These are very limited, since he cannot vote or hold office. He is, however, entitled to a Masonic funeral. The Entered Apprentice is not entitled to organized Masonic Charity, but it does not bar him from receiving assistance from a Mason, as an individual. He can attend a Lodge while an Entered Apprentice Degree is being presented. He has a right to be instructed in his work and in matters pertaining to his degree. If charged with violating his obligation, he is entitled to a trial. He has the right to apply for advancement to a higher degree. He may not receive the Degrees of Craft Masonry elsewhere without consent of the Lodge. In other words, if he should move and want to continue his work, he may request the Lodge Secretary to write the Secretary of the Lodge at his new location, informing him of your good standing and request that the new Lodge perform the remainder of the ritualistic work. Also, the Apprentice possesses modes of recognition by which he can make himself known to other Masons.
THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN ENTERED APPRENTICE MASON: An Entered Apprentice Mason has very few actual Lodge responsibilities. He must keep secret everything entrusted to him; conduct himself with proper decorum and diligently work to learn his proficiency and as much about the Craft as possible. He should not be content with learning the words letter-perfect, but should study the meanings also. If he cannot interpret these for himself, he should seek help from others. Complete faithfulness to his obligations, and implicit obedience to the charge are among his important and lasting responsibilities. Freemasonry preserves a secrecy about all its work in the Lodge: it meets behind closed doors; it throws over it its principles and teaching a garment of symbolism and ritual; its Art is a mystery; a great wall separates it from the world. Nor is its work easy to understand. If this be true, we urgently advise you not to be content with the letter and outward form of this, your beginning period, but to apply yourself with freedom, fervency and zeal to the sincere and thorough mastering of our Royal Art.
Grand Lodge of California 1991
The Fellow Craft Degree
SYMBOLISM OF THE DEGREE: In the Degree of Fellow Craft, we try to emphasize the dignity and worth of the individual. Man should be an instrument of the Supreme Architect of the Universe. As such, he is a workman whose duty is to invent, create, and achieve; and, by doing so, express his own genius and individuality. All Lodges are designed to encourage the development of individual genius and to allow man, if he works hard, to become as great as he wants to be. The main principle of this form of government is that the State should not interfere with the individual’s freedom any more than is necessary to preserve government by the State, but still give the individual freedom to flourish.
The Degree of Fellow Craft symbolizes man in the prime years of his life. He is shown as an adult who is ready to accept the responsibility of life, not only for himself, but for his family and all of society. When the Mason assumes the duties and privileges of a Fellow Craft, heis taught that he is responsible for his own destiny and that of the State. The themes of this Degree are education and achievement. The more a man learns through pursuit of knowledge, the more he achieves.
EVOLUTION FROM OPERATIVE TO SPECULATIVE: We are unable to accurately pinpoint the time when we went from Operative to Speculative Masons. The change was gradual, and,probably, stretched over a period of more that 50 years. It began early in the 1600’s and may have begun with the acceptance of patrons into the Operative Lodges, as was mentioned in the Entered Apprentice Degree instruction. Others who were not interested in becoming stone masons, followed the patrons. Those who were admitted by consent of the Operative Masons became “Accepted Masons”. Membership was sought after because of the spiritual, social and cultural advantages. During this time our Craft grew rapidly in numbers.
The decline of Gothic architecture and the reduced demands for great building projects had greatly lowered the number of skilled Operative Craftsman needed to carry on the construction during this period. If we had not become Speculative Masons, our Craft was faced with extinction. Many of the institutions of that day did pass into oblivion; but, by becoming Speculative, the Craft has grown to a point never envisioned by its founders. Much of this growth can be attributed to the formation of the Grand Lodge of England, when the four old Lodges of England held a meeting at the Goose and Gridiron Tavern in 1717, at which a man by the name of Anthony Sayer was elected Grand Master. From there, Masonry spread over much of the world, and other jurisdictions developed their own Grand Lodges.
THE BASIC TEACHINGS OF THE SECOND DEGREE: As mentioned, the Fellow Craft Degree symbolizes the years of manhood and responsibility during a man’s life on earth. During these years, he obtains knowledge and applies this knowledge to the building of his character, and improving the society in which he lives. As the father of our Masonic Rituals, William Preston conceived Masonry to be used to educate man in the liberal arts and sciences. In the Ritual of the Degree, a Fellow Craft is urged to advance his education in these fields. By using the method of Initiation into the Fellow Craft Degree, we hope to help you understand the symbolic importance of these liberal arts and sciences.
THE PREPARATION: The changes in dress from an Entered apprentice Mason to aFellow Craft Mason have been explained in the ceremony. Gaining admission is similar to the First Degree, with addition of a pass, which is given for him by his conductor. We are trying to teach that the knowledge and energy are freely given toward gaining the privileges of Freemasonry, and that by the aid of others, we are able to advance.
THE RECEPTION: It takes on a new significance during your reception for this Degree. The square should be a rule and guide to your future actions with mankind.
THE CABLE-TOW: This is a symbol of control for the individual. To many, the Cable-Tow is symbolic of the umbilical cord, which is necessary to begin life; but, is severed, when love and care replace it, and the individual grows on his own. The length of the Cable-Tow is frequently referred to in the language of Freemasonry, but many of the new Brethren do not understand its meaning. Formerly, a Cable-Tow was deemed to be the distance one could travel in an hour, which was assumed to be about three miles. In California this is any reasonable distance from which a summons may be answered, health and business permitting. Each Mason is bound to all other Masons by a tie as long and as strong as he himself determines his ability will permit.
THE OBLIGATION: The Obligation is the heart of every Degree and its solemnity must be impressed upon every candidate. In addition to the vow of secrecy in the First Degree, the Obligation has other important points which bind each brother. Obedience, assistance, and the protection of one another, are pledged by each Mason to all others, binding them by a tie which should last their lifetime. The penalties have the same significance as those invoked in the First Degree, and are symbolic rather than physical, as already explained.
THE SQUARE: The Square is the symbol of morality, truthfulness and honesty. The direction of the two sides of the Square form an angle of 90 degrees, or a right angle, so-called because this is the angle which stones must have if they are to be used to build a stable and upright wall. It symbolizes accuracy, not even varying by a single Degree. It is 90 Degrees, not 89 or 91. When we part upon the Square, we go in different directions, but in full knowledge that our courses in life will be going according to the angle of the Square (Which means in the right direction), until we meet again.
THE LEVEL: The Level is a symbol of equality. We do not mean equality in wealth, social distinction, civic office, or service to mankind; but, rather, we refer to the internal, and not the external, qualifications. Each person is endowed with a worth and dignity which is spiritual, and should not be subject to man-made distinctions. The quality practiced in Masonry recognizes that one man may have greater potential in life, service, or reward, than another; but, we also believe that any man can aspire to any heights, no matter how great. Thus, the Level dignifies labor and the man who performs it. It also acknowledges that all men are equal without regard to station.
THE PLUMB: The Plumb is a symbol of uprightness of conduct. In Freemasonry, it is associated with the plumb line which the Lord promised Amos he would set in the midst of His people, Israel, symbolizing God’s standard of divine righteousness. The plumb line in the midst of a people should mean that they will be judged by their own sense of right and wrong, and not by the standards of others. By understanding the Plumb, a Mason is to judge his Brothers by his own standards and not those of someone else. When the plumb line is thought of in this way, it becomes a symbol of an upright life and of the conscience by which each person must live.
THE JEWELS: The attentive ear, the instructive tongue, and the faithful breast, remind the Craftsman that the time-honored method of instruction is by word of mouth. The secrets of Freemasonry are always deposited in the hearts of faithful Brethren. These Jewels should signify the necessity to learn to utilize good Masonic instruction and develop a devotion to the teachings of our Craft.
THE WAGES: Corn, Wine, and Oil, are symbolic wages which are earned by the Fellow Craft who completes his task and comes to the Middle Chamber. These symbolize wealth in mental and spiritual worlds. Corn represents nourishment and the sustenance of life. It is also a symbol of plenty, and refers to the opportunity for doing good, to work for the community, and to the performance of service to mankind. Wine is symbolic of refreshment, health, spirituality, and peace. Oil represents joy, gladness and happiness. Taken together, Corn, Wine, and Oil represent the temporal rewards of living a good life.
The actual “wages” are the intangible but no less real compensation for a faithful and intelligent use of the Working Tools, fidelity to your obligations, and unflagging interest in and study of the structure, purpose and possibilities of the Fraternity. Such wages may be defined in terms of a deeper understanding of Brotherhood, a clearer conception of ethical living, a broader toleration, a sharper impatience with the mediocre and unworthy, and a more resolute will to think justly, independently, and honestly.
THE GREAT VALUES OF LIFE: We gradually achieve a greater appreciation of the great values of life. Religion, which is man’s quest for God. Brotherhood, which is a life of fellowship grounded in good will. Art, by which we enjoy the beautiful. Citizenship, by which we enjoy the good communal life. Science, by which we learn the nature of the world we live in. Literature, by which we enter into communion with the life of all mankind. A good life is one in which all such things are appreciated and enjoyed. The belief that the good things in life come by chance to the fortunate, is a fatal blunder. The satisfying values of life; spiritual, moral, intellectual, or physical cannot be won like a lottery prize. They cannot come at all except through patient, intelligent and sustained effort.
THE PILLARS IN THE PORCH: There are two pillars, placed before the entrance to King Solomon’s Temple, which are symbolically represented within every Lodge of Fellow Craft Masonry. These pillars are symbols of strength and establishment – and by implication, power and control. One must remember that power and control are placed before you, so you might realize that power without control is anarchy, or that control without power is futility. Man must have both if his life is to be successful.
THE GLOBES ON THE COLUMNS: These are the celestial globe and the terrestrial globe, and are symbols of universality. The shape of the globes let us know that this is a modern addition to Masonic Ritual – because our forbearers thought the earth was flat and the heavens a sphere revolving around it.
THE WINDING STAIRS: This represents the progress of an inquiring mind, toiling and laboring toward intellectual cultivation and study. This is the road to Divine Truth. The Winding Stairs, by their very shape are also symbols of courage and faith. The Winding Stairs lead us to an unknown life. For some, there will be a Middle Chamber filled with reward of fame and fortune. For others it will be filled with frustration, pain and discouragement. The “Angel of Death” could stand on the next step of any traveler. Yet, we climb because we have faith, and because we are filled with courage. We believe that the winding stairs of life lead to our destiny, and that the wages to be earned by the Fellow Craft are worth the risk.
Corn, Wine, and Oil are symbolic wages. A Fellow Craft’s wages are truth, or getting as close to the truth as is appropriate for him. While winding through the stairs, the Fellow Craft learns a beautiful lesson on the great doctrines of the science of Masonic symbolism – that he is ever to be in search of truth. For the wise, there is also the lesson that the full knowledge of the nature of God, and in this life. Each man must seek a knowledge of God “on his own”, Masonry teaches a need for this relationship – not the way.
THE SYMBOLISM OF NUMBERS: The symbolism of numbers is first presented to the new Mason in the diagram of the Winding Stairs. The total number of steps is fifteen, which is a significant symbol, and is thus explained. The first three steps teach us that we are dependent upon God, and that we must harmonize our will with His, building our own spiritual temple according to the Divine Plan. The Second group of five steps teaches the use of order in architecture, and that this order must be applied to our own spiritual temple. The final seven steps symbolize the crowning glory of man – the development of both mind and spirit, and the acquisition of the courage and faith which causes each person who possesses these virtues to climb to the summit and attain the rewards that await those who labor and faint not. These are the symbolic wages of a worthy Fellow Craft.
ADMISSION TO THE MIDDLE CHAMBER: The passage from the outer porch to the Middle Chamber represents man’s journey from ignorance to enlightenment. His wages as a Fellow Craft are received in the Middle Chamber. These wages are a symbol of the Divine Truth. The candidate must also find the doors to knowledge – the outer and inner entrances. To enter one of these, he needs a pass. To go through the other, he must have a word. Help is given him in each instance, but such assistance is limited. This signifies that man must acquire knowledge chiefly through his own effort, though he is often dependent upon others for some help. Emphasis should be placed upon the amount of effort put forth by the candidate, for without effort, he cannot reap the reward he seeks.
THE MIDDLE CHAMBER: In modern Freemasonry, the Middle Chamber is the symbolic place of reward. This was thought of as the place where the Fellow Craft met to receive wages for their labors on the Temple of Solomon. During its construction, they assembled on the evening of the sixth day of the week. Those who were entitled to the wages of a Fellow Craft were invested with certain mysterious signs, tokens, and a word, which enabled them to pass the inner and outer guards and to enter the Middle Chamber. If they did not have the proper identification, they did not get into the Middle Chamber or receive their wages.
KING SOLOMON”S TEMPLE: Freemasonry did not originate in the Temple of Jerusalem, but our rituals are enriched by reference to this magnificent structure. For a full description of the Temple, you should read the accounts found in the First Book of Kings, Chapters 5 to 8, and the record found in the First Book of Chronicles, beginning in the second chapter.
THE LETTER “G”: The letter “G” is a symbol of Geometry and, also, of Deity. By the letter “G”, we are reminded that our every act is done in the sight of God, and that Divine Providence is over all of our lives. Man is reminded that God is in all nature and in every man. Our life and all its blessings come from Him in an orderly fashion. These are disrupted only by the vileness of man when he does something contrary to the Divine Will. The letter”G” is placed in the center of the Masonic emblems worn by many here in the U.S., but not by Masons in England or other nations of the British Commonwealth. We don’t know why this occurs.
EMBLEMS OF A FELLOW CRAFT: These include the Plumb, Square, and Level; Corn, Wine, and Oil; the Pillars in the Porch; the Winding Stairs; the Liberal Arts and Sciences; and the Letter “G”. The Fellow Craft should become very familiar with them, for they epitomize the lessons of this Degree. To really understand their significance, you must study them until the lesson learned is engraved upon your heart.
THE RIGHTS OF A FELLOW CRAFT: In addition to the rights you have acquired as an Entered Apprentice Mason, you have the right to sit in a Lodge when opened in the Fellow Craft Degree. You may visit another Lodge opened in the Fellow Craft Degree. You have the right to be instructed and examined. If you are proficient and worthy, you have the right to ask for advancement.
THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FELLOW CRAFT: These are to be found in the Obligation, and you should review these and the Obligation of the Entered Apprentice Degree. Finally, you are reminded that you are to acquire knowledge and apply that knowledge to your duties in life, so that you can fill you place in society with satisfaction and honor.
Grand Lodge of California 1991
The Degree Of Master Mason
THE SUBLIME DEGREE: It is called this not only for the solemnity of the ceremonies, but also for the profound lesson of wisdom it teaches. This Degree symbolizes the great lessons of the immortality of the soul. The Master Mason Degree differs in many ways from the previous two Degrees. Many of the symbols are the same, but they are interpreted differently. In other Degrees, the Lodge is a symbol of the world in which we live—trying to sustain life; striving to obtain knowledge; and becoming virtuous through wisdom.
In this Degree, the Lodge becomes a representation of the Sanctum Sanctorum, or Holy of Holies, of Solomon’s great Temple at Jerusalem. This magnificent structure was a symbol of the abode of God to the Hebrew people. According to Scripture, Solomon built it as the dwelling place of Jehovah, that he might be in the midst of his people, Israel. The Hebrew law of cleanliness was strictly enforced and nothing earthy or unclean was permitted to enter. When you attain the Sublime Degree of a Master Mason, you receive this most valuable lesson and truth—that having been faithful to your trust, you must at last die, in order to attain the ultimate reward of your fidelity and faith.
In this state of life, man is represented to have died; and, then, he is raised from the grave to another and better place. Thus, these ceremonies of the Degree lead to the inevitable conclusion that youth, properly directed, leads to an honorable and virtuous maturity; and that, regulated by morality, faith and justice, life will be rewarded in its closing hours by the prospect of eternal bliss and immortality. However, it is important to the principles of Masonry, that each man shall seek his own method of achieving this goal. We hope that these lessons and meanings will lead to new and undiscovered inspirations each time you study them.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DEGREE: The significance can best be understood when we compare it to the Entered Apprentice and Fellow Craft Degrees. The first two Degrees center around the art of architecture. Their purpose is to teach you, in the first, to be a builder of yourself; in the second, a builder of society. The symbols in the Degree of Master Mason refer to life, its tragedy, and its ultimate triumph. Although its background continues to be architecture, and its action takes place in and about the Temple, it is a spiritual symbol of life and death. Its principal teaching is immortality.
PREPARATION: The preparation of the candidate reminds him of several things. First, through the clothing, he is reminded that he is to be humble. He is also taught that his obligations become more extensive and binding each time he advances. Finally, he is reminded that he is able to attain many of his desires only with the assistance given him by a friend or brother.
RECEPTION: At the reception at the door, you are reminded that all the lessons of Freemasonry must be implanted in the heart if they are to serve a useful purpose and become a part of your way of life, and that you should practice these in your daily life.
OBLIGATION: The obligation is the heart of the Degree. By taking the Obligation, the candidate obtains the privileges, the rights and the benefits of the Masonic institution. It is necessary that the Obligation is known and understood in order that it can be enjoyed and obeyed.
CLANDESTINE LODGE AND CLANDESTINE MASON: A clandestine Lodge is one that has not been issued a charter from a duly recognized Grand Lodge and, therefore, you may not visit such a Lodge. One who belongs to one of these Lodges is a clandestine Mason and therefore, not entitled to visit your Lodge. A Master Mason from a regular Lodge should also not conduct Masonic related discussions with a clandestine Mason.
MASONIC DEFINITION OF NON-AGE, DOTAGE AND FOOL: In the jurisdiction of California, non-age refers in this Degree to one who is not yet 21 years of age. Dotage is a condition associated with old age, and is marked by juvenile desires, loss of memory and failure of judgement. Being old does not bar someone from seeking membership, but we require that he be mentally alert and mentally healthy. A fool is a mature man without good sense. Legally, he is of age, but mentally he is retarded.
WOMEN: The question of not allowing women to become Masons has arisen many times. When we were an Operative craft, the buildings were built by Operative Masons, who hired men who could carry large and heavy objects. Thus, it was a requirement that only men could become Operative Masons. This has continued down through the years to us, today; but, as you know, masonry embraces many organizations which includes women.
SIGNS, TOKENS AND WORDS: We feel they are very important because they provide modes of recognition. Also, each Sign, Token and Word has a symbolic meaning which serves to enrich the mind and improve our lives as Masons. You should know how to properly execute all signs at all times, in order to properly show your respect for the dignity of our ceremonies.
THE WORKING TOOLS: The working tools of a Master Mason are all the instruments of Masonry. In the United States, the Trowel is especially assigned to this Degree. The Master Mason uses the Trowel to cement ties between Masons, and to spread Brotherly Love.
THE LEGEND OF HIRAM: Hiram Abif, the skilled artificer, was the son of a widow of the Tribe of Naphtali. The earlier accounts of Hiram are recorded in the 1st Book of Kings, Chapter 7, Verses 13 & 14. His coming to work on the great Temple at Jerusalem is mentioned in a letter written to King Solomon by Hiram, the King of Tyre, and recorded in II Chronicles, Chapter 2, Verses 13 & 14. The word Abif means “his father”, and the name is translated to “Hiram, my father”. He was regarded as the father of all his workmen on the Temple. By using the legend of Hiram Abif, we are taught the magnificent lessons of fidelity.
THE THREE GRAND MASTERS: The three Grand Masters mentioned often in our rituals concerning the building of the Temple are: Solomon, King of Israel; Hiram, King of Tyre; and Hiram Abif. In early times, it was thought that Deity was regarded as three persons working together to get things done. The secrets known only to these Three Grand Masters typify Divine Truth, which was known only to Deity, and was not to be communicated to man until he had completed his own spiritual temple. Once these secrets were attained, a Mason could reap the rewards of a well-spent life, and travel to the well-known country toward which all of us are traveling. By knowing the meaning of these names and references to their offices, you will better understand what the ritual means. All of us are forever reaching outward and upward, looking for further knowledge of God and our relationship with Him, which is Divine Truth.
THE TEMPLE OF SOLOMON: This magnificent structure was located on Mount Moriah, at Jerusalem. It was near the place where Abraham was about to offer up his son, Isaac. The site was purchased by David, King of Israel, for it was here that the hand of the Destroying Angel was stayed after David had repented. The incident is recorded in II Samuel, Chapter 24, Verses 15 through 25; and I Chronicles, Chapter 21, Verses 14 through 30. The building of the Temple was begun around 967 B.C., or as others say about 1012 B.C., and finished almost eight years later, around 960 B.C., or as given by the chronology of some, about 1005 B.C. It was about 480 years after the people of Israel came out of Egypt as a band of refugees. The people lost their sense of spiritual direction destiny, so their Temple was destroyed in the year 586 B.C., by Nebuchadnezzar.
THE SYMBOLISM OF THE TEMPLE: The chief purpose of Solomon’s Temple was to provide a dwelling place for God in the midst of his people, Israel. In those days, people thought that God dwelled with man and this should be a fundamental human thought today. Some people of that day claim this was the most perfect building ever erected by man.
Whether it was, or not, is open to conjecture, but perfection was certainly the goal of both David and Solomon. The symbol of the Temple for each of us is founded upon the idea that man himself is a living Temple where God desires to reside. Freemasonry tries to undertake the task of helping each of its members build a more stately mansion within themselves where God can reside. Each of us should be aware of the fact that we are a symbolic Temple and that we should work toward the same type of perfection in our own Temple as that sought for in the Temple in Jerusalem. Our Individual temples are mental, physical and spiritual, and our work on these temples should not be inferior.
SOLOMON, KING OF ISRAEL: Solomon was the son of David and Bathsheba. He was born about 992 B.C., or according to the chronology of others, about 1036 B.C.. He became King at the age of 20 and reigned 40 years. During Solomon’s reign, Israel had its greatest power, prosperity and recognition. The name Solomon means peaceful, and his reign was one of peace.
HIRAM, KING OF TYRE: Hiram was a friend of King David, and became both ally and friend of King Solomon. According to the Biblical accounts, he assisted Solomon by supplying certain materials for the construction of the Temple; and, in return, received a gift from Solomon of ten cities.
HIRAM ABIF: Hiram Abif was the son of a man of Tyre, and his mother was one of the daughters of the Tribe of Dan. Masonic tradition teaches us that he was sent by King Hiram to assist King Solomon in building the Temple.
TO TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES: The ultimate goal of our ancient Operative Brothers was to become Masters so they might posses secrets and knowledge which would enable them to practice the arts of builder no matter where they traveled, even in foreign countries. “Foreign countries” as used in Freemasonry, is a symbolic place and is not meant to refer to a certain geographical location. Freemasonry, it self, is a foreign country to every new member. If he is to travel in it, if he is to earn Master’s wages, he must learn its language; understand its customs; and study its history. He must become a part of it to fully appreciate and enjoy its privileges and pleasures. We, as Speculative Masons, still desire to travel in foreign countries; and some of us feel the urge strongly enough to diligently study Masonry, so we may receive proper instructions and be permitted to travel in foreign countries in Freemasonry. All you have to do is learn the work and keep yourself in good standing, in order to find Lodges everywhere open to you. By studying the writings of Freemasonry, you will find pleasant traveling. These areas include history, philosophy, and many other areas, leading to countless treasures, which each of you must discover for yourself. These are some of the rewards of each Master Mason who travels in foreign countries.
THE WAGES OF A MASTER MASON: Our ancient, Operative Brethren performed manual labor and received wages which would contribute to their physical welfare. These nominal wages were Corn, Wine and Oil. The wages of a Speculative Mason must come from within, as he is concerned with the moral, rather than the physical, labor. The intangibles of love, friendship, respect, opportunity, happy labor, and association, are the wages of a Master Mason who earns them. Not everyone earns them; and that is why the Senior Warden, in the opening of the Lodge, declares: “To pay the Craft their wages, if any be due…”
THE THREE RUFFIANS: There are many symbolic explanations for the appearance of these three ruffians in our ritualistic work. Their attempt to obtain the secrets not rightfully theirs, and the dire consequences of their acts, are symbolic of many things. Trying to obtain a knowledge of Divine Truth by some means other than a reward for faithfulness, makes the culprit both a thief and a murderer. Each of us is reminded that rewards must be earned, rather than obtained by violence or devious means. The Ruffians are also symbols of the enemies we, each one, have within us our own ignorance, passions and attitudes, which we have “come here to control and subdue”. There is another symbolism that can be applied to today’s world. When man is enslaved, the first of his privileges to be denied or curtailed is that of free speech and unrestricted communication with his fellow man. Man’s affection is the next area attacked; for, those who control a people also force the families to comply with their orders. Finally man’s reason is attacked; because your enemies will always seek to destroy your mind, as the final step to enslavement.
LOW TWELVE: In ancient symbolism, the number twelve denotes completion. We are not sure whether this sign arose from the twelve signs of the Zodiac, or the twelve edges of the cube, which is the most stable geometric figure. The number twelve did denote fulfillment of a deed, and was, therefore, an emblem of human life. High Twelve denoted noon, with the sun at its highest; while, Low Twelve, denoted midnight, the blackest time of the night.
THE LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH: The lion has always been the symbol of might and royalty. It was the sign of the Tribe of Judah, because this was the royal tribe of the Hebrew Nation. All Kings of Judah were, therefore, called the Lion of the Tribe of Judah. This was also one of the titles of King Solomon. This was the literal meaning. The Lion of the Tribe of Judah also describes a mediator of some of the ancient religions. There is no definite meaning to any individual Mason. He is left to his own description, and that is one of the reasons, over the centuries, that Masonry has had followers from all religions.
THE LOST WORD: In reality, we are not searching for a particular word. What we are searching for is Divine Truth, which should be the ultimate goal of all men and Masons. Having the power of speech is perhaps the most noble attribute of man, because he can communicate his thoughts to his fellows—no other animal has this power. Thus, the word has been carried down over the ages as synonymous with every manifestation of Divine Power and truth. The Masonic search for the Word symbolizes the search for truth, more particularly, Divine Truth. We must always search diligently for truth, and never permit prejudice, passions, or conflicts of interest, to hinder us in our search. We must keep our minds open to receiving truth from any source. Thus, Masons are devoted to freedom of thought, of speech and of action. In Freemasonry, we do not teach the true Word, but rather, a substitute. Thus, we are reminded that, in this life, we may approach an approximation of truth. Each man must seek the True Word through his own individual chosen faith.
THE SETTING MAUL: This was a wooden instrument used by Operative Masons in the building of Solomon’s Temple, to set polished stone firmly into the wall. The Maul has been shown to be a symbol of destruction from prehistoric times, and is shown many times in mythology. One of the best-known is that of Thor, God of Thunder who is shown as a powerful man armed with a mighty hammer.
THE SPRIG OF ACACIA: Hebrew people used to plant a sprig of acacia at the head of a grave for two purposes—to mark the location of the grave, and to show their belief in immortality. Because of its evergreen nature, they believed it to be an emblem of both immortality and innocence. The true acacia is a thorny plant, which abounds in Palestine. Both Jews and Egyptians believed that, because of its hardness; its evergreen nature; and its ability to live in the face of despair; it signified immortality. It is believed that the acacia was used to construct most of the furniture and the tabernacle in the Temple.
THE RAISING OF A CANDIDATE: Most people do not understand what being “raised to the Sublime Degree of a Master Mason” means. This Degree is the sublime climax of Symbolic Freemasonry. If you learn only that living, dying and raising of a Master is a drama, designed to teach the virtues of fidelity, faith and fortitude, you have received only partial light and have seen nothing but a drama and a moral. This Degree seeks to answer the age-old question put forth by Job—”If a man die, shall he live again?”.
The Degree delves into the deepest recesses of man’s nature. While it leads the initiate into the Sanctum Sanctorum of the Temple, it probes into the Holy of Holies in his heart. As a whole, the Degree is symbolic of that old age and by the wisdom of which we may enjoy the happy reflections consequent on a well-spent and properly directed life, and die in the hope of a glorious immortality.
It teaches no creed, no dogma, no doctrine, no religion; only, that there is a hope of immortality; and, through God’s mercy, we may live again. It teaches the power, and the powerlessness, of evil. For those of us who are happy, believing in the resurrection of the physical body, then the Degree assures us of all we wish. The ceremony is not physical, but one of inner life; the home of the spirit where each man thinks the secret thought he tells no one.
EMBLEMS OF THE THIRD DEGREE: If we consider our ritual the “Meat” of Masonry, our actions and deeds as Masons the “Potatoes” of Masonry, then we must call our emblems the “Gravy” of Masonry. They add substance, flavor and meaning to our daily lives. One after another of the emblems of the Third Degree, is set before us, apparently in no given order, and each with only a hint of what it signifies. Yet, each of them stands for some great idea or ideal. Each of them is a master truth.
In THE THREE PILLARS we have the three great supports of Masonry—Wisdom, Strength and Beauty. THE THREE STEPS remind us of how Youth, Manhood and old Age is each an entity in itself, each possessing its own duties and problems, and each calling for its own philosophy. THE POT OF INCENSE teaches that, to be pure and blameless in our inner lives is more acceptable to God than anything else, because that which a man really is, is of vastly greater importance than that which he appears to be. THE BEE HIVE recommends the practice of that virtue of Industry and teaches us that we should be industrious, never sitting down while our fellow creatures are in need of assistance. And that he who does not seek to improve himself is not worthy of our protection as Masons. THE BOOK OF CONSTITUTIONS GUARDED BY THE TYLER’S SWORD is the emblem of law and order, and reminds us that our moral and spiritual character is grounded in law and morality as much as is government and nature. It teaches that no man can live a satisfactory life who lives lawlessly. THE SWORD POINTING TO A NAKED HEART discovers that one of the most rigorous of these laws is justice, and that if a man be unjust in his heart, the inevitable results of injustice will find him out. THE ALL SEEING EYE shows that we live and move and have our being in God; that we are constantly in His Presence, wherever or whatever we are doing. Every Freemason should keep in mind that the thing we do before man, and the things we do in secret will be recorded by the All-Seeing Eye, and will bear witness for or against us at judgement time. THE ANCHOR AND THE ARK stand for that sense of security and stability of a life grounded in truth and faith, without which sense there can be no happiness. THE FORTY-SEVENTH PROBLEM OF EUCLID is an emblem of the arts and sciences; by them we are reminded that next to sinfulness, the most dangerous enemy of life is ignorance. In THE HOURGLASS we have the emblem of the fleeting quality of life. THE SCYTHE reminds us that the passing of time will end our lives as well as our work, and if ever we are to become what we ought to be, we must not delay.
THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF FREEMASONRY
THE RIGHTS OF A MASTER MASON: These consist of Masonic Relief, Masonic Visitation, and Masonic Burial.
MASONIC RELIEF: Masonic Relief may be applied for any Brother—either to his own Lodge, or to an individual Master Mason. In every case, the individual has the right to determine the worthiness of the request and whether such aid can be granted without material injury to his own family. Relief is a voluntary function of both the Lodge and the individual. The Brother requesting the relief has no vested interest in the Lodge or claim upon any individual Master Mason. If the Lodge’s financial condition will not allow it to help, he can apply to the Grand Lodge for help. In order to be eligible for Masonic Relief, the Brother must not have been suspended in the past five years, and there can be no charges pending against him at the time of application. The widow and/or orphan of a Master Mason, who was a member of the Lodge at the time of his death, are entitled to consideration if they apply for assistance. The same conditions as to worthiness and the ability and willingness of the Lodge apply in these cases.
MASONIC VISITATION: Visitation of other Lodges is a privilege you acquire when you can prove yourself to be a Mason in good standing, and if no member of the Lodge you are visiting objects. In order to get into another Lodge, you should learn the memory work in each Degree (if you haven’t already done so), and carry your paid-up dues card with you at all times. You can gain visitation rights to another Lodge by two ways—by undergoing “strict trial or due examination”, or being vouched for by a Brother of the Lodge you are visiting. Undergoing examination usually consists of showing your dues card; then, the Worshipful Master appoints a Committee to examine you. After the examination, the Committee will vouch for you in open Lodge.
THE RIGHT OF BURIAL: The Masonic Funeral Service is conducted only at the request of a Brother or some member of a Mason’s immediate family. The choice belongs to the family, not to the Lodge. This service can be held in a church, the Lodge room, funeral parlor or grave site.
THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A MASTER MASON: The constant responsibility of a Master Mason is “to preserve the reputation of the Fraternity unsullied”. Leading a good life is the best means of carrying through our individual responsibility to our Lodge and our craft. The conduct of each Master Mason is strictly his own responsibility. He should choose the course which will bring credit to himself and honor to the Fraternity.
LODGE ATTENDANCE: We do not have a minimum attendance requirement, as ancient Lodges did; nor, is there a penalty for not attending, as there once was. However, every Master Mason has a moral obligation to be loyal to the Lodge which gave him Masonic light and all the benefits which come with his membership. This should be your inducement to attend Lodge as often as possible and to join in the fellowship which makes up Freemasonry.
BALLOTING: Only Members in good standing of the Lodge have a right to ballot. No member present can be excused from balloting on any petitioner before the Lodge. No member will be permitted to retire from the Lodge to avoid casting his ballot. The White balls are the affirmative, or favorable ballot; and the black cube is the negative, or unfavorable, ballot. If you do not know of anything unfavorable against the petitioner, then, you should accept the word of the investigating Committee and cast a favorable ballot. However, if you know of some reason to indicate the petitioner is unworthy, for strictly Masonic—not personal reasons, a black cube should be cast to protect the Lodge from undesirable members. As you approach the ballot box, examine your own motives and be sure that the ballot you are about to cast will do justice to the candidate and Freemasonry. The Right to Secrecy of the Ballot is guaranteed by Masonic Law, and custom allows each member to have perfect freedom in balloting on petitioners. No Brother should disclose how he voted and no Brother shall inquire into how another Brother voted on a particular candidate.
EXAMINE VISITORS: This responsibility belongs to the Lodge itself, and is delegated by the Worshipful Master to a committee of Brethren who are to satisfy themselves that the visitor is a Master Mason in good standing, and a member of a regular Lodge in that degree in which the Lodge is at labor. The Worshipful Master may call upon any member of the Lodge to serve on the examining committee.
VOUCHERS ON PETITIONERS: Before endorsing the petition of anyone for initiation, you should take the time to discuss Masonry with the applicant. You should know why he wishes to become a Mason, what he expects and what may be expected of him. The Investigating Committee should explain much of this to him, but you, yourself, should be satisfied with his understanding and know that he is of good moral character. The signing of the petition should be a source of great pleasure for you.
INVESTIGATE PETITIONERS: This responsibility belongs to every member of the Lodge, and should not be taken lightly, if your own Lodge is to scrutinize those who seek to enter the Lodge and to be protected against undesirable candidates. Serving on the Investigating Committee should be regarded as a mark of special trust by those selected. Only those who can be counted on to make a complete and impartial inquiry into the petitioner’s character and determine his worthiness to become a Mason, should be selected. The members of the Investigating Committee are known only to the petitioner and to the Worshipful Master who appointed them.
FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES: These are twofold. First in the area of mandatory support—the payment of annual dues. Second, in the area of voluntary support contributions to the Masonic Home Endowment Fund, distressed worthy Brothers, and other Masonic organizations as you desire. By paying dues, the Brother carries his share of the expense imposed by the Lodge. In voluntary support, he must determine the extent of his participation, measuring the need against his ability. Any member failing to pay his dues for a period of more than twelve months is subject to suspension. He must show “cause” why he should not be suspended from membership.
Not being able to pay dues can be handled without embarrassment. No Lodge desires to suspend a Brother who is unable to continue payment of dues if this is due to circumstances beyond his control. In most cases, the other Brethren in the Lodge know nothing about his situation. A distressed Brother should inform the Worshipful Master, or the Secretary, of his situation. One of these Officers will take care of the situation; so no record is shown on the books, and no debt is accumulated. This is not Masonic Charity, but, rather, Brotherly Love. It is felt that a Brother who finds himself unable to pay his dues has an obligation to make his situation known to the Worshipful Master or Secretary.
LODGE MEMBERSHIP: You become a member after being raised to the Sublime Degree of a Master Mason. Termination is accomplished in one of four ways—demit, suspension, expulsion or death. You can apply for a demit (or transfer to another Lodge) if you are currently a paid-up member and in good standing. You can also hold plural or dual memberships in more than one Lodge. This is sometimes done when one Lodge raises you to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason; and, then, you move to another area and want to become active in a new Lodge. You must be a member of the Lodge in order to become an officer. Plural Membership refers to being a member of more than one Lodge in this Jurisdiction (California); and Dual Membership refers to being a member in this jurisdiction and in Lodges of other Jurisdictions. See your Lodge Secretary for proper handling of the paperwork.
You can be suspended for nonpayment of dues or “unmasonic conduct”. If suspended for nonpayment of dues, you can apply for reinstatement. At any time, you may pay back dues for the year of nonpayment, plus the current year. If suspended for “unmasonic conduct”, you may petition for reinstatement through the proper procedures and channels. If convicted of unmasonic conduct by trial, the trial board may direct expulsion from the order. The verdict can be appealed to the Grand Lodge. A Mason suspended or expelled from a Lodge is automatically denied membership in all Masonic organizations. When a Member is listed as deceased, his name is removed as an active member. The unused portion of his dues is pro-rated and returned to his estate.
ENTERING OR RETIRING FROM A LODGE: First of all, you should be present before Lodge opens to join in the fellowship. If circumstances do not permit this, you should inform the Tyler, who will make the alarm and inform the Junior Deacon that a Brother is properly clothed, vouched for and desires to enter. At the time of your entrance, the Tyler should let you know the degree in which the Lodge is at labor. If the Lodge is already open, the Tyler should knock three times on the door. When the Master gives his permission to enter, you should approach the Altar; salute the Master, using the due guard and sign for the Degree in which they are at labor and then be seated.
DEPORTMENT WHILE IN THE LODGE: Your deportment while the Lodge is open is governed by good taste. You should not engage in private conversations: nor through any other action, disrupt the business of the Lodge. Discussions in the Lodge are always a healthy sign and promote the interest of the Lodge—if properly conducted. If you wish to speak, rise; and, after being recognized, give the due guard and sign and make your remarks. Once completed, you may then be seated. You should observe rules of propriety and refrain from mentioning personalities or disturbing the peace and harmony of the Lodge. Religion, partisan politics and any subject which might disrupt the peace and harmony of the Lodge, should not be discussed in the Lodge. Voting is usually performed by saying aye or nay. When petitions are balloted on, the ballot box is used. At the annual meeting for election of officers, a written ballet is utilized.
THE OFFICERS OF A LODGE: The Worshipful Master, Senior Warden, Junior Warden, Secretary and Treasurer are elected by the membership each year. The Worshipful Master appoints the Senior Deacon, Junior Deacon, Chaplain, Marshal, Senior and Junior Stewards, Tyler and Organist. Any member of the Lodge, when certified in the Ritual of the Grand Lodge may hold any of the elective offices to which the members of the Lodge see fit to elect him.
MASONIC LAW: Every Lodge is governed by the Grand Lodge in its jurisdiction, and must adhere to the Rules and Regulations of the Grand Lodge. These Rules and Regulations are discussed at every Grand Lodge meeting and amendments or alterations are made if passed by the required vote. California Lodges are governed by the California Masonic Code (CMC), a copy of which may be found in the Secretary’s office.
THE GRAND LODGE AND YOU
As a new candidate of your Lodge, you undoubtedly will hear the term “Grand Lodge” often mentioned, and consequently a brief explanation is in order as to what a Grand Lodge is, how it functions and what its relationship is to your Lodge and yourself.
Freemasonry exists in every civilized nation throughout the world where some form of democratic government is practiced. It is organized into individual Lodges which owe allegiance to a Grand Lodge which is the supreme Masonic authority in a specific country, state or territory. It is through a particular Grand Lodge that a Lodge has received its charter which permits that Lodge to initiate, pass and raise those men who have applied for membership and who have been accepted for this honor. Without a Grand Lodge no Lodge can exist and of course, conversely, without Lodges, no Grand Lodge can exist.
In some instances, the Masonic authority of a Grand Lodge encompasses an entire nation, such as in England, Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, the Philippines, Japan, the Netherlands and Italy, just to name a few. In other instances it encompasses a state, territory or province such as in the United States, Canada, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Germany, again just to name a few. Where such a Grand Lodges exists, it may charter however many Lodges it deems appropriate and no other Grand Lodge may infringe upon its authority and territory, without appropriate consent.
There are certain basic regulations to which all regular Grand Lodges, no matter where in the world located, must subscribe. If they do not practice these regulations, they cannot be officially recognized by those Grand Lodges which do practice these regulations. A Grand Lodge which cannot be recognized by another regular Grand Lodge is considered to be clandestine or irregular, even though it is established in a country, state, or territory where no Grand Lodge exists. Should a recognized Grand Lodge cease to practice those regulations which caused recognition in the first instance, such recognition may be withdrawn and no further Masonic communication would be held between those respective Grand Lodges.
What exactly are the regulations which determine whether or not a regular Grand Lodge affords recognition to one just established and one who seeks such recognition? They vary somewhat from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but the fundamental test for recognition is as follows:
Legitimacy of origin.
Exclusive territorial jurisdiction.
Adherence to the Ancient Landmarks of Masonry; specifically an unalterable and continuing belief in God, the Volume of Sacred Law as an indispensable part of the furniture of the Lodge and the prohibition of the discussion of religion and politics.
Hiramic Legend.
No more than the three Degrees.
Masonic protocol usually dictates that an exchange of representatives takes place on the formal recognition of one Grand Lodge by another. This results in a member residing in one jurisdiction representing the other jurisdiction and vice-versa. These representatives, as a general rule, are in correspondence with the jurisdiction they represent. They bring items of Masonic interest pertaining to the jurisdiction they represent to the attention of their own Grand Lodge. In this manner, Masonic interchange is established and promoted between jurisdictions.
Let us now confine our discussion to the Grand Lodge of California, which is the supreme Masonic authority in the State of California. Our Grand Lodge was organized in April of 1850, five months before California was admitted to the Union as a State. At that time there were but three regularly charted Lodges in California and two which were working under dispensation. In other words, there were organized Lodges that had not as yet received a charter from a Grand Lodge. The three which had charters had received these from three other Grand Lodges and the two working under dispensation, likewise were under dispensation from two other Grand Lodges, so there were five sovereign Grand Lodges represented within the territory of California.
There is an unwritten law in American Freemasonry which claims that whenever there are three or more charted Lodges within a state, province or territory and no Grand Lodge has been established within that state, province or territory, those Lodges have an inalienable right to meet in convention and form their own Grand Lodge. This was the situation in California in 1850 and thus the Grand Lodge of California was formed. Subsequent to its formation and organization, the two Lodges working under dispensation from two other Grand Lodges were granted charters and became a part of the Grand Lodge of California. Eventually, the few Lodges which existed in Hawaii petitioned the Grand Lodge of California and were granted charters and also became a part of the Grand Lodge of California. From the initial three Lodges, we now have today some 480 Lodges in California. On May 20, 1989, the Lodges in Hawaii formed their own Grand Lodge.
Each sovereign Masonic Grand Lodge may be structured to suit itself, develop its own ritual and conduct its business in any manner it may deem proper. No Grand Lodge interferes with another in any of these areas. It may adopt its own rules and regulations, and it is expected that all other Grand Lodges with whom it is in amity, or with whom it has accorded recognition, will observe and respect these rules and regulations. There should be no friction between Grand Lodges, and should something develop between them which cannot be settled amicably, then any Grand Lodge, by appropriate action, may withdraw recognition from the other and the other them becomes clandestine in the eyes of the Grand Lodge which has withdrawn recognition. This may be likened to one country breaking diplomatic recognition with another.
The Grand Lodge is composed of 28 Grand Lodge Officers, the chief executive officer being the Grand Master. Seven of these 28 Officers are elected each year by vote of the members of the Grand Lodge, and 21 are appointed by the incoming Grand Master. All Masters and Wardens of each of the duly chartered Lodges are also members of the Grand Lodge as are all Past Masters of all the Lodges in our Jurisdiction. Once a year, on the second Monday in October, these members assemble in the California Masonic Memorial Temple in San Francisco and meet for the transaction of business. This is referred to as the “Annual Communication” of the Grand Lodge. All Master Masons in good standing may register and attend the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. All matters of business which have been presented for consideration are discussed and voted upon and, depending on the results of the voting, are either adopted, rejected or carried over for disposition at the following Annual communication.
Any legislation which would amend the California Masonic Code, which is our law book, must receive a 5/6 affirmative vote for adoption. If such legislation receives at least a majority affirmative vote, but less than the required 5/6 vote, it is automatically carried over to the following year, at which time it requires a 2/3 affirmative vote to be adopted. Matters which do not amend the law of Grand Lodge require a simple majority affirmative vote for adoption. Many such matters of legislation which are adopted directly affect your lodge and all other Lodges and therefore, affect you and the other members of your Lodge.
Each Grand Lodge Officer, excepting the Grand Tyler, is entitled to vote in Grand Lodge as is each Past elected Grand Officer and each Lodge Master and Warden. Past Masters of the Lodges are entitled to one vote on a collective basis; thus each Lodge in our jurisdiction is entitled to four votes, one for the Master one for each of the two Wardens and one for its Past Masters as a group.
During the term of the Grand Master, he is called upon, from time to time, to interpret various regulations as contained in the California Masonic Code. No book of law can provide for every contingency and therefore, interpretations of law must be made. The Grand Master may consult with the Jurisprudence Committee through its chairman and render a decision in the matter at hand. Once this decision is rendered it becomes law, and all Masons within the Jurisdiction are expected to obey it. This may seen to be somewhat dictatorial, but such decisions are subject to the approval of the Grand Lodge at its Annual Communication. If such approval is obtained, the decision is entered in our Code and becomes a permanent part of the law until such time as it may be reversed by a succeeding Grand Master and the reversal upheld by Grand Lodge. If this should happen, the decision is removed from the Code and is no longer a part of the law.
During the course of each Annual Communication, the Grand Master delivers a message on the State of the Fraternity. Contained in this Message are his decisions made during his term of office and also several recommendations which he presents to Grand Lodge for what he believes to be for the good of the Fraternity. These recommendations must also be approved by the Grand Lodge. If any Grand Master’s decision or recommendation purports to amend our law, then it requires a 5/6 affirmative vote to be adopted. If either does not change the law, then a simple majority affirmative vote will suffice for approval.
In matters of ritual, the Jurisdiction is divided into six geographical Divisions. Each Division is under the supervision of an Assistant Grand Lecturer, one of the appointed Grand Lodge Officers. These six Assistant Grand Lecturers receive instruction in the ritual from the Grand Lecturer and in turn hold Schools of Instruction for the Inspectors assigned to their particular Division. The Inspectors in turn instruct that ritual to the officers and candidates’ coaches of the Lodges assigned to their respective District. Through their individual Schools of Instructions, which generally are held on a monthly basis and thus a uniformity of work is achieved throughout the Jurisdiction.
Another important and vital element in our Grand Lodge structure is the corps of Inspectors. The Inspectors are Past Masters of various Lodges who are assigned several Lodges, usually four, and their responsibilities are two fold: to instruct in the adopted ritual of the Grand Lodge, as taught by the Grand Lecturer and to advise and assist each Lodge in its Leadership Training and the proper administration of its affairs.
No organization can properly function without committees and a Grand Lodge is no different in this regard. Within the structure of the Grand Lodge of California there are currently 46 committees and 5 boards, each of which performs certain assigned functions and basically carries out the programs of the Grand Master and the Grand Lodge. Each has a Chairman or Board President. 21 of the 46 Committees are standing committees and are mandated by law. The others are special committees which are established by and function at the will and pleasure of the Grand Master. The five boards are referred to as constitutional boards and are also provided for by law. All members are appointed by the Grand Master and serve at his will and pleasure.
There is much more to relate about the Grand Lodge, but the above will hopefully provide you with some insight as to its organization, structure, functions, etc. As you continue on your Masonic journey, you will become more familiar with the relationship between your Lodge and the Grand Lodge, and you will appreciate the entire structure and operation of Freemasonry in this jurisdiction. For the present, it is most important that you understand that you have an obligation to continue with your Degrees and become a Master Mason member of your Lodge. Thereafter, to continue to recognize the supremacy of the Grand Lodge which has chartered your Lodge and caused it to exist. You are also reminded that it is your obligation to obey all of the laws adopted by the Grand Lodge which is the direct relationship between the Grand Lodge and you.
THE ORDERS AND RITES OF FREEMASONRY
You probably have already heard of the York Rite, or Scottish Rite and The Shrine. These have been called “higher Degrees” of Masonry. This is a misnomer if you are taught to believe them to be superior. You cannot attain a higher degree than that of a Master Mason.
The York Rite and Scottish Rite are advanced Degrees, imparting further knowledge about Masonry. They are another stepping stone in building your own Temple. You must be a Master Mason to qualify for either Rite. After you have completed the Degree requirements of either the York or Scottish Rites, you will have attained the 32nd Degree and are eligible to join the Shrine.
The Shrine is a fun-loving organization, properly called the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and its Temples usually carry Arabic names. Each of these Temples is governed by a Potentate, who takes his orders from the Imperial Potentate or National Leader. Shriners are the most visible part of the family of Masonry because of their participation in parades and their charitable or philanthropic work for crippled or burned children.
The Eastern Star, the Order of Amaranth and the White Shrine of Jerusalem are the “coed” portion of the Masonic Family.
DeMolay is an organization for young men from the ages 13–21.
The International Order of Job’s Daughters and International Order of Rainbow for Girls are organizations for young ladies between 11–21.
All of these and more form the family of Masonry, and all work with essentially the same goals for the people involved. All Masonic organizations in the State of California are required to obey the laws and regulations of the Grand Lodge.
Grand Lodge of California 1991
